正文关键词:如何增加词汇量,如何提高英语词汇量,词汇量飙升,背单词的技巧。

学英语就像盖房子,单词就像基础,没有好的基础。

我们早就知道单词对英语学习是多么的重要,但是背单词是个苦差事,如何才能更加高效、快速的提升自身词汇量能。今天望京ok英语小编就为大家分享一篇干货——五个技巧让你在原有基础上词汇量飙升!

风驰电掣啊!!!

一,前缀 上 Common Prefixes I

前缀 的特征

Generally they do not change the word class of the base. 一般不改变本来的词性。

1. Negative Prefixes 表示否定

“ un-” unfair, unfortunately, unhappy

“ non-” non-smoking, non-existent/不存在的,.

“ in-” invisible/隐形的, illogical/不符合逻辑的, impossible, irresponsible…

“ dis-” disloyal/不忠诚的, disobey, dislike, …

2. Reversible Prefixes 表示还原、(某动作)反向的前缀

“ un-” undo, undress, unhorse/下马(动词).

“ de-” defrost/解冻, deactivate/激活的反义词(中文想不起来啦), decode 解码

“ dis-” discouraging, disappear, disengage (打仗时 engage意思是交火,disengage 撤退)

3. Pejorative Prefixes 表示 ‘伪/假的’ ‘错误的’

“ mis-” mishear 错听, misleading 误导性的, mistake …

“ mal-” malformed 变形了的, malfunction 功能紊乱, malnutrition 营养失调

“ pseudo-” pseudo-scientific 假/伪科学的 (多用来讲某种理论活着观念), pseudo- classicism 假/伪古典主义

4. Prefixes of degree and size 表示 ‘程度’、'大小'

“ super-” supermarket, superman (超~)

out-” outlive (= live longer than), outdo (=do better than), outrun (=run faster than).

“ sur-” 之上的,超过的 surcharge额外的收费, surpass 超越, surpress 抑制(从上面压)

“ sub-” 下面的,底部的 subnormal 低于正常的, substandard标准一下的, subway 下面的路(地铁), subtitle 下面的标题(字幕)

“ over-”/under-”表示程度上的 ‘超过/不够’ overdo做的过分, overcooked 烹饪时间太久的, undercooked 烹饪时间不够的 undertook

“ hyper-/ultra-” 极度的,终极的 hypersensitive极敏感的, ultra-careful极自习的, hyperlink 超链接

“ mini-/micro-” 微型的,极小的 miniskirt, microwave

5. Prefixes of attitude 表示 某种态度

“ co-” 一起,共同 cooperative, co-director, coexist 共存

“ counter-” 对抗的,对立的 counter-argument 驳论点, counter-attack 反攻 逆袭.

“ anti-/pro-” 反对 anti-nuclear 反核的, anti-democracy 反民主的, anti-social 反社会的, anti-government 反政府的

(PS: ‘counter-’ is more about 'actions'; while 'anti-' thinking and beliefes. 'counter-' 多指行为上的对抗;而‘anti-’ 一般指思想或观念上的反对)

当然,英语中的前缀远不止这些,先介绍这几个,平时在读东西的时候遇到这些前缀,先别急着查有道,猜一猜词意,然后去印证。猜对次数多了就比较容易记住了。

不过这只是帮助大家扩展词汇量的方法之一,也是学英语必要的知识,但是不能代替大家自己日常的学习方法。

二, 前缀 下 Common Prefixes II

词汇量不是死记硬背出来的。掌握了常见的词根词汇,再熟悉且熟练英语的构词规律,就算遇到生词,也能猜个八九。

本文继续之前一贴子的内容,再介绍几组常见的 英语前缀。有了这些个子虽小,但威力无穷的秘密武器,然后结合起来,用不了多久,你的词汇量肯定会暴涨。

Prefixes of time and order 时间和顺序

“ fore-” 提前 (在某事/动作发生之前) foretell, foreman, forewarn

“ pre-/post-” 之前 (在某一时间点之前) pre-historial, pre-school, postgraduate, pre-war, post-war

“ ex-” 前任的 ex-minister, ex-wife, ex-girlfriend

“ re-” 重新,再次 rebuild, relocation, re-elegible.

Number Prefixes 数字

“ uni-/mono-” 一,单~ monologue独白, uniform 看起来一个样的衣服, unicorn 独角兽(星座里有个capricorn,可见-corn在古英语中指带角的动物)

bi-/di-” 双~ dialogue对话, bicycle 兩個圈兒??.

“ multi-/poly-/pluri-”多~ multimedia, multicultural 后两个前缀属于高级词缀,平时不多见,有兴趣的小伙伴可以自己查一查。

Conversion prefixes 改变词性的前缀 (前一个贴子里说了前缀一般不会改变词根的词性,只影响他的词义,这一个是例外)

“ be-” 将本来的词变成动词 bewigged, bewitch, befriend 词义自己动手查一下 (文言文好的孩纸可以联想 中文的‘名词和形容词的使动用法’,没听说过这个的小伙伴可以直接飘过……)

“ en-/em-” 将本来的词变成动词 endanger, enlarge, empower.

“ a-” 动词变形容词 afloat, awake, asleep …

常见的前缀还有很多,大家平时多观察,多总结。

不要走开,Jack会在以后的帖子里给大家介绍常见的后缀。

To be continued …

三,常见后缀 Common Suffixes

Noun suffixes 构成名词

Occupational 关于职业

“ -eer” engineer, pioneer

“ -ster” gangster, gamester, trickster

“ -er” Londoner, banker

Diminutive (小的,年幼的) and feminine 女性的

“ -let” booklet, owlet, piglet.

“ -ette” cigarrette, kitchenette

“ -ess” countess, hostess, actress

“ -y” Johnny, daddy, kitty, granny 小孩子喜欢这么讲话,嗲嗲的节奏

Status, domain, etc 抽象的身份,状态,相互关系,所属关系等

“ -hood” boyhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, childhood, adulthood

“ -ship” friendship, companionship, citizenship 国籍/公民身份

Quantity. 数量

“ -ful” handful (a handfull of 一把,若干), spoonful (a spoonful of 一勺的)

Noun/adjective suffixes 构成 名词或形容词

“ -(i)an” Shakespearian, Australian, Brazilian, Russian, magician (魔术师), musician (音乐家)

“ -ese” Japanese …

“ -ist” novelist, violinist, typist, artist …

以上三个后缀都表示 ‘某一类人’

“ -ism” 表示某种思想、理论体系、主义等 Cummunism共产主义, Imperialistm帝国主义

De-verbal suffixes 在动词后面,把该动词变成其他词性(比较常见的是把它变成名词)

“ -er” worker, onlooker, drinker (可以用来表示职业)

“ -ant” inhabitant 栖息者/居住者, occupant (某地域,某地位的)占有者, assisstant(~者/~的人)

“ -ation” operation, exploration, creation, expectation (the action of the verb 做该动作的过程)

“ -ment” arrangement, argument, movement

“ -al” approval, refusal

“ -ing” swimming, living, painting, building.

“ -age” package, shortage, usage,

“ -ee” trainee, employee, interviewee

De-adjectival suffixes 在形容词后面,把该形容词变成其他词性(adj. or n.)

“ -ness” goodness, happiness, selfishness.

“ -ity”/”-able”/”-ible”/”-al” readable, readability, sentimental, sentimentality, mental, mentality

Verb suffixes 将其他词性变成动词

“ -ify” certify, identify, simplify, purify …

“ -ize” scandalize, organise, industralize, modernize …

“ -en” blacken, sadden, redden …

Adjective Suffixes 将其他词性变成形容词

“ -able” 可+动词 + 的 readable可读的, drinkable可饮用的, usable可用的, doable可做到的

“ -al” chemical, criminal, special.

“ -ful” beautiful, plentiful.

“ -ed” blue-eyed, odd-shaped.

“ -en” wooden, leaden.

“ -ic” romantic, specific, Pacific, Atlantic

“ -ish” foolish, boyish, snobbish.

“ -less” helpless, hopeless.

“ -like” friendly, child-like

adverb suffixes 将其他词性变成副词

“ -ly” happily, freely, instantly.

“ -wise” clockwise 顺时针的; anti-clockwise 逆时针的

"-wise" in modern English, it's attached to nouns meaning 'concering, regarding'. 在现代英语中还可以表示 ‘与钱有关的’ It's not a bad job… money-wise. (Jack个人经验,这种用法几乎都是在口语中;书面写作时不建议用)

PS:看起来挺多,但我相信很多大家都经常看到,所以不用担心记不住。已经知道的忽略,不知道的,平时多留意。在学习的路上做个有心人,就不会那么难啦。

四,常见合成词之 合成名词 Compound Nouns

What is a compound word? 什么是合成词?

In English (and many other languages),sometimes we join two or even more independent words together into one new word with a new meaning. The meaning of the new word is different from the orginal words, but logically related to it in some way.

在很多语言中,我们有时候可以把两个,甚至更多的单个词拼在一起,然后当做一个新词来用。这个新词的词义和原来那几个词的意思不一样,但其实逻辑上还是有联系的。

For example: air + plane = airplane; paper + clip = paperclip; girl + friend = girlfriend; sister + in + law = sister-in-law …

Characteristics of Compound words 合成词的几个特征

1. Some compounds words are written together, some separately and some with a hyphen (-).

有些合成词是几个词直接拼在一起,有些分开写,有些需要用连字符。没有很明显的规律,很多老外都瞎用。有几个很小的规 则,之后Jack会提到。

2. The main stress of the word is usually on the first syllabus.

词的重音一般都在开头。

hotdog 热狗;hot dog 感觉热的一条狗

whitehouse 白宫;white house 白色的房子

(曾经有同学跟我讲,不用这么复杂,在一起的特殊,不在一起的不特殊嘛。我纳闷,写出来还好,你讲话能讲出空格来? )

当然,还有很多特征,这里不多提。有这两点就够用了。

Common Compound Nouns 常见的合成名词

1. common countable compound nouns 常见的可数合成名词

o Police station

o Address book

o Air conditioner

o Baby-sitter

o Bank account

o Brother-in-law

o Bus-stop

o Can opener

o Heart attack

o High school

o Human being

o Letter-box

o Passer-by

o Pen-friend (pen-pal)

o Polar bear

Some Common Uncountable Nouns 常见的不可数合成名词

o Birth control

o Central heating

o Common sense

o Dry-cleaning

o Family planning

o Fancy dress

o Fast-food

o Income tax

o Lost property

o Make up

o Old age

o Remote control

o Social security

o First aid

Common singular compound nouns 以下这些合成名词只做单数用

o Cost of living

o Generation gap

o Human race

o Mother-tongue

o Public sector

o Solar system

Common plural compound nouns 一下这些合成名词只做复数用

o Armed forces

o Civil rights

o High heels

o Human rights

o Luxury goods

o Social services

o Winter sports

o Yellow pages

To be continued …

五,常见合成词 之 合成形容词

They are usually make up of two or more words. When they are used as modifiers (before a noun), there should be a hyphen (-) between the words.

合成形容词一般有两个或者多个词构成。他们出现在名词前面来修饰名词的时候,一般要用连字符把各个词连起来。如果出现在be后面的时候,也就是你们老师讲的作表语的时候不用连字符。讲话的时候不用在意这个,因为你也讲不出‘连字符’来……

Example:

She is very good looking.

She's a very good-looking girl.

常见合成形容词的构成形式

adj/number-noun-ed 形容词/数词 + 名词-ed (This type of compound words are always hyphened) 这种合成形容词必须要有连字符)

red-haired girl, three-legged dog, one-eyed monster …

adv/adj + part participle 形容词/副词 + 动词过去分词

highly-respected, low-paid, well-behaved …

adv/adj + v-ing 形容词/副词 + 动词ing

easy going, good looking, money making,mother #$%^ing (lolz) …

当然还有很多其他的形式,不过可以总结出来普遍规律的,Jack也只能找到这几种了,之后要是有更多的发现,在写给大家。

Some Common Compound Adjectives

几个给事物‘定性的’合成形容词 (Qualitative)

Absent minded 心不在焉的

Easy-going

Low-paid

Old fashioned

Open-minded

Second-class

Starry-eyed (形容某人,尤其是小孩,眼睛亮的像星星一样)

Tender-hearted (tender:温柔的。瞬间比kind高大上很多)

Well-behaved

Well-dressed 盛装的

Well-known

几个表示‘颜色’的合成形容词

Blood-red

Bottle-green 啤酒瓶那样的绿 (虽然有很多啤酒瓶子不是绿色的)

Nut-brown

Royal-blue 应该是那种很正的蓝色。牛津的解释:a deep bright blue colour

Sky-blue

Snow-white

pitch-black 漆黑 (pitch不是油漆哈,具体神马意思自己查查看)

几个我也不知道怎么分类的合成形容词

Audio-visual 视听的

Brand-new 崭新的

Built-in 内置的 (比如说摄像头神马的)

Deep-sea

Duty-free

Long-distance

One-way 单向的,单行的,单趟的 (不要自作主张来个 two-way 或者 double-way哈。‘往返票’- round trip ticket)

Second-hand

Tax-free (机场的免税不是这个哦)

Top-secret

To be continued …

五,常见合成词 之 合成动词 Common Verbs

What is a compound verb?

A compound verb is a verb made up of more than one word, but functions as one word. There are the following __ different situations:

合成动词,和其他合成词一样,是由两个或者两个以上的词构成,但被当做一个单个的词来用。主要有一下几种情况。

prepositional verbs 动词-介词组合的短语

rely on, look after, look for, look at, listen to, take after, turn out …

(These words cannot be separated and there cannot be any other words going between the verbs and the prepositions. 这些词不能拆开用,也就是说各个词中间不可以有其他的词出现。)

phrasal verbs短语型动词

take down, turn on, put on, take off …

(这些词比较特殊:如果讲的是名词,那这个名词就老老实实地跟在后面,不用讲究什么。但如果讲的是个代词,那就得把这个代词放在动词和后面的介词之间保护起来。)

with auxiliaries 和很多助动词在一起的,多数是因为时态或者其他语法条件而形成

am sleeping

can be understood

have studied

have been studying …

PS: 其实很多人,包括英语老师可能都没发现原来他们也是这类词。但是既然它们这些词总是一起出现,不能改变,那当然算合成词啦。Jack提它们是想提醒大家,在遇到或者自己使用动词的时候要明白+谨慎,有些词是不可以分开使用或者理解的……

compound verbs with two content words 有两个语义性词汇组合而成 (语义性词汇与语法性/功能性词汇相对,比如 a/an, the, in这样的就是语法性/功能性词汇)

这样合成词没有定法,Jack只给大家介绍几个Jack自己在平时的阅读中遇到过的合成动词,具体词义大家自己查查:

kick-start, jump-start, head-star …

deep-fry, stir-fry, French-fry (不知道为什么是French)…

headhunt, apartment-hunt …

babysit, housesit…

outrun, outlive, outgun…

downsize, upgrate,upload, download …

overreact, overrun, overestimate …

understand, underestimate, underline …

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